Key Individuals
All levels of the China’s Communist Party, courts, media, police, and diplomatic core have been implicated in the campaign against Falun Gong. Many educators, employers, colleagues, neighbors, and even family members have also abetted the persecution of their fellow citizens. Still, several individuals are chiefly responsible for launching and directing the campaign.
Keeping in mind that they are but part of a larger system that has sustained itself in large part through violence for nearly six decades, below are the key perpetrators’ profiles. Many of them have been served with civil and criminal lawsuits outside of China.
Jiang Zemin is the P.R.C.’s most recent former head of state. This position comprises of three separate titles: Party chairman (General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party), president (Premier of the State Council), and commander in chief (Chairman of the Central Military Commission).
In 1999, Jiang took advantage of the power concentrated (jiquan) in the head of state position to launch an illegal persecution campaign against Falun Gong.
- Jiang overrode Prime Minister Zhu Rongji’s conciliatory stance toward Falun Gong and decided to treat the April 25, 1999 gathering as a criminal threat.
- Jiang created the 6-10 Office and gave it unprecedented power over every level of local administration in order to carry out a campaign of spying, arbitrary arrest, torture, and murder of the Falun Gong.
- Jiang banned Falun Gong in July 1999 and in October 1999 single-handedly pushed forward “legislation” justifying the ban ex post facto.
- In 1999, Jiang infamously issued orders that “no means are too extreme to get rid of the Falun Gong,” and that to do so, the Party must “break them financially, ruin their reputations, and destroy them physically.” In 2002, Jiang went a step further giving orders to “shoot on site” any Falun Gong engaged in publicizing the persecution.
- Most major steps in the campaign, from the labeling of Falun Gong in the media, to the mass arrests, to pressuring governments overseas have all been taken under Jiang’s directives, at least until he officially stepped down from power in 2003. Inside sources indicate that since then Jiang has continued to manipulate the campaign from behind the scenes through highly placed officials who remain loyal to his faction, like Luo, Zeng, and Zhou below.
Jiang has been sued civilly and criminally for torture, crimes against humanity, and genocide in the United States, Belgium, Spain, Taiwan, Germany, South Korea, Canada, Greece, Australia, New Zealand, Bolivia, Chile, the Netherlands, Peru, Japan, and Sweden.
For more information about Jiang’s role in the persecution of Falun Gong, see…
- Falun Dafa Information Center special report on Jiang Zemin
- CNN‘s analysis
- The 6-10 Office
- Amicus brief in support of lawsuit against Jiang Zemin submitted by the executive director of the World Organization Against Torture, USA
On June 10, 1999, Jiang Zemin established the Leadership Team to Handle Falun Gong Issues. Jiang also created the 6-10 Office (also known as the Falun Gong Control Office) as the Leadership Team’s vehicle for micromanaging and ensuring the implementation of the campaign throughout China. Jiang vested the 6-10 Office with sweeping control over the organs of the state and Party, including the Public Security Ministry, the judiciary, labor camps, and the Propaganda Ministry.
The 6-10 Office and Leadership Team are housed in the Central Committee’s Political-Legal Committee, and 6-10 Office branches can be found at all levels of government and in various state-run institutions and schools across China. Below are the 6-10 Offices’ key figures:
Li Lanqing was Director of the Leadership Team to the 6-10 Office from 1999 to 2003. He also held the post of Vice Premier of the State Council of the P.R.C. He was in charge of the nationwide campaign against Falun Gong and issued many reports and speeches inciting hatred against the group.
Li has been sued civilly and criminally in France, Belgium, Taiwan, Germany, Canada, Chile, the Netherlands, Japan, and Sweden.
Lawsuit filed against Li Lanqing in France [http://flgjustice.org/index.php?option=content&task=view&id=76&Itemid=103]
Luo Gan is Deputy Director of the Leadership Team to the 6-10 Office as well as a Standing Committee Member of the Politburo of the CCP and Secretary of the Central Committee’s Political-Legal Committee. Luo personally inspected branches of the Political-Legal Committee as well as labor camps around the country to ensure that all levels of government implemented Jiang’s directive to destroy Falun Gong practitioners.
Luo Gan is the name most often associated with the early years of oppression, before the official ban in 1999. From 1996-1999 the Public Security Bureau, acting under Luo’s guidance, gradually intensified its spying on and harassing of the Falun Gong, while state-run media began attacking the group. Two of the most famous media critiques, in fact, came from He Zuoxiu, Luo’s brother in law.
Luo has been sued civilly and criminally in Finland, Armenia, Moldova, Iceland, Spain, Taiwan, Germany, South Korean, Canada, Bolivia, Chile, Peru, Japan, Sweden, Belgium, and Argentina.
Ongoing lawsuit filed against Luo Gan in Argentinahttp://flgjustice.org/index.php?option=content&task=view&id=705&Itemid=380] [
Worldwide protests identify four officials who lead the atrocities www.faluninfo.net/displayAnArticle.asp?ID=8534
Liu Jing was Deputy Director of the Leadership Team to the 6-10 Office from 2000 to 2002. He hosted news conferences slandering Falun Gong and utilized the propaganda of the staged immolation incident to defend the persecution. He also directed forced transformation and brainwashing of Falun Gong practitioners at the provincial level. He also held the post of Deputy Minister of the Public Security Ministry.
Liu has been sued in Canada, Sweden, and Belgium.
Ministry of Public Security Issues Secret Directive to Investigate and Bar Thousands Worldwide from Olympics [www.faluninfo.net/displayAnArticle.asp?ID=9489]
Worldwide protests identify four officials who lead the atrocities [www.faluninfo.net/displayAnArticle.asp?ID=8534]
Other 6-10 officials:
Dong Zongfang
Gao Kuixian
Guo Chuanjie
Huang Ju
Li Yuanwei
Lin Yanzhi
Su Rong
Wang Maolin
Zhang Xiaoguang
Zhao Zhifei
Dong Zongfang is Director of the 610 Office of the Public Security Bureau of Shandong Province, one of four northeastern provinces where the persecution is particularly severe. He has been sued criminally in Spain.
Lawsuit filed against Dong Zongfang in Spain [http://flgjustice.org/index.php?option=content&task=view&id=525&Itemid=331]
Gao Kuixian is Director of the 610 Office of the Public Security Bureau of Jilin Province, one of four northeastern provinces where the persecution is particularly severe. He has been sued criminally in Spain.
Lawsuit filed against Gao Kuixian in Spain [http://flgjustice.org/index.php?option=content&task=view&id=525&Itemid=331]
Guo Chuanjie is Deputy Director of the 610 Office at the Chinese Academy of Sciences. He has sought to monitor, suppress, and eradicate Falun Gong at the Academy through a campaign in conjunction with local authorities of widespread abduction, arrest, and torture of Falun Gong adherents at the Academy. Guo has also enforced the policy of withholding degrees, diplomas, salaries, and retirement pay from the Falun Gong at the Academy, and has refused promotions, health care and education benefits to adherents.
He has been sued civilly in the United States.
Lawsuit filed against Guo Chuanjie in the U.S.
[http://flgjustice.org/index.php?option=content&task=view&id=559&Itemid=336]
Huang Ju is former Director of the 610 Office of the Public Security Bureau of Jilin Province, one of four northeastern provinces where the persecution is particularly severe. Huang is the P.R.C’s current Vice Premier. He has been sued criminally in Ireland.
Lawsuit filed against Huang Ju in Ireland
[http://flgjustice.org/index.php?option=content&task=view&id=483&Itemid=319]
Li Yuanwei is Director of the 610 Office of the Public Security Bureau of Liaoning Province, one of four northeastern provinces where the persecution is particularly severe. Li is also Chief of the Management Branch of Lingyuan Prison. He has been sued criminally in France.
Lin Yanzhi is Director of the 610 Office of the Public Security Bureau of Jilin Province, and Deputy Secretary General of the CCP in Jilin Province. Jilin is one of four northeastern provinces where the persecution is particularly severe. Lin has ordered and personally participated in the forced transformation process—including torture and brainwashing—of Falun Gong practitioners in labor camps across Jilin. He has been sued civilly in Canada.
Lawsuit filed against Lin Yanzhi in Canada
[http://flgjustice.org/index.php?option=content&task=view&id=597&Itemid=357]
Su Rong is former Director of the 610 Office of the Public Security Bureau of Jilin Province, and current Secretary of the CCP in Gansu Province. After he has been civilly in Zambia he escaped across the border.
Zambian Court Issues Arrest Warrant [www.faluninfo.net/displayAnArticle.asp?ID=9047]
The Epoch Times: Chinese official a fugitive in Zambia http://en.epochtimes.com/news/4-11-15/24355.html]
Lawsuit filed against Su Rong in Zambia
[http://flgjustice.org/index.php?option=content&task=view&id=480&Itemid=313]
Wang Maolin is Deputy Director of the Leadership Team to the 610 Office and Director of the Central 6-10 Office. Wang has been sued in Canada and Sweden.
Lawsuit filed against Wang Maolin in Canada [http://flgjustice.org/index.php?option=content&task=view&id=481&Itemid=315]
Zhang Xiaoguang is Director of the 610 Office of the Public Security Bureau of Heilongjiang Province, one of four northeastern provinces where the persecution is particularly severe. He has been sued criminally in Spain.
Lawsuit filed against Zhang Xiaoguang in Spain [http://flgjustice.org/index.php?option=content&task=view&id=525&Itemid=331]
Zhao Zhifei is Vice Director of the 610 Office of the Public Security Bureau in Hubei Province. Zhao has been one of the main architects of the persecution in Hubei, utilizing the entire police force as well as the legislative, executive, and judicial branches of provincial government to murder, torture, and arbitrarily arrest and detain hundreds of Falun Gong practitioners, while denying that any such persecution has occurred. He has been sued civilly and criminally in the United States and Germany, respectively.
Zhao Zhifei receives guilty verdict in U.S. court
Lawsuit filed against Zhao Zhifei in New York[http://flgjustice.org/index.php?option=content&task=view&id=12&Itemid=47]
POLITBURO STANDING COMMITTEE MEMBERS
Li Changchun is a member of the Politburo Standing Committee. He is in charge of information and media control in the P.R.C. and has incited hatred against and demonized the Falun Gong through the state-run media in this capacity. He has been in France.
Lawsuit filed against Li Changchun in France [http://flgjustice.org/index.php?option=content&task=view&id=406&Itemid=279]
Zeng Qinghong is a member of the Politburo Standing Committee and is P.R.C vice president (Vice Premier of the State Council). Zeng has been closely affiliated with the Jiang Zemin faction that has taken the lead in directing the campaign against Falun Gong and is currently the highest-ranking member of the group loyal to Jiang. He has been criminally in Peru.
The motive clear, the means chilling – Zeng Qinghong and the South Africa shooting [www.faluninfo.net/displayAnArticle.asp?ID=8752]
The Epoch Times: Zeng Qinghong sued during his visit to Peru [http://en.epochtimes.com/news/5-1-30/26148.html]
Details of the lawsuit filed against Zeng Qinghong in Peru [http://flgjustice.org/index.php?option=content&task=view&id=551&Itemid=334]
Zhou Yongkang is former Minister of Public Security. The Ministry of Public Security is responsible for overseeing law enforcement in the P.R.C. It is directly accountable for the torture of Falun Gong practitioners carried out by police and all other public security personnel at every level of government, as they invariably operate under the Public Security’s direction. Zhou has been sued civilly in the United States, Canada, and Belgium.
Worldwide protests identify four officials who lead the atrocities[www.faluninfo.net/displayAnArticle.asp?ID=8534]
Details of lawsuit filed against Zhou Yongkang in France [http://flgjustice.org/index.php?option=content&task=view&id=709&Itemid=388]
Jia Chunwang served as Minister of Public Security from 1999 through 2002. Since 2003 Jia has held the post of Chief Prosecutor of the Prosecution Department of the Supreme Court. While with the Public Security, Jia issued an instruction rendering immune any security forces, police, or prison staff responsible for the torture or murder of Falun Gong practitioners. He has been able to continue overseeing this impunity through his current position with the Supreme Court. Jia has been sued criminally in Denmark.
Lawsuit filed against Jia Chunwang in Denmark [http://flgjustice.org/index.php?option=content&task=view&id=592&Itemid=347]
Sun Jiazheng is the Minister of Culture. Since July 1999, this Ministry has ordered the confiscation and destruction of all Falun Gong publications nationwide and barred any further production. The Ministry has also monitored and controlled Internet communications in China to suppress the flow of any news regarding Falun Gong and to propagate the CCP line. The ministry under Sun has used overseas cultural activities to incite hatred against the Falun Gong. Sun has been sued in France and Tanzania.
Lawsuit filed against Sun Jiazheng [http://flgjustice.org/index.php?option=content&task=view&id=178&Itemid=248]
Chen Zhili is former Minister of Education. The Ministry of Education requires teachers and students at all levels to participate in the campaign to eliminate Falun Gong in educational institutions across China. Students and teachers are made to either publicly denounce Falun Gong in articles, exams, and public activities such as signing banners or face expulsion, arrest, police interrogation, and even torture. Chen has been sued in Tanzania and South Korea.
State councilor could face criminal trial for using China’s school system as indoctrination and persecution centers [www.faluninfo.net/displayAnArticle.asp?ID=8853]
The Epoch Times: Trial of Chen Zhili can go forward, Tanzanian judge rules[http://en.epochtimes.com/news/4-8-3/22729.html]
Details of lawsuits filed against Chen Zhili in Canadahttp://flgjustice.org/index.php?option=content&task=view&id=706&Itemid=382] and Tanzania [
[http://flgjustice.org/index.php?option=content&task=view&id=434&Itemid=293]
Xu Yongyue is Minister of State Security. This is the security agency of the P.R.C. responsible for collecting domestic intelligence and monitoring Falun Gong adherents much like secret police. Xu has been sued in Belgium.
Lawsuit filed against Xu Yongyue in Belgium [http://flgjustice.org/index.php?option=content&task=view&id=589&Itemid=341]
PROVINCIAL SECRETARIES OF THE CCP
Wang Xudong is former Hebei Province CCP Secretary. As secretary, Wang held the power to formulate all important provincial policies and supervised the provincial 6-10 Office to carry out the persecution of Falun Gong. He used his authority to remove or punish all high-level officials in Hebei who did not cooperate with his campaign while awarding those officials who did cooperate. Wang has been civilly in the United States.
2007 lawsuit filed against Wang Xudong[http://flgjustice.org/index.php?option=content&task=view&id=739&Itemid=401]
Xu Guangchun is Party Secretary of Henan Province, where nearly 100 Falun Gong adherents have died of torture. He has been criminally in the United States.
Lawsuit filed against Xu Guangchun[http://flgjustice.org/index.php?option=content&task=view&id=590&Itemid=344]
Zhang Dejiang is Guangdong Province CCP Secretary. Zhang supervised the provincial 6-10 Office and labor camps. He planned, ordered, and authorized police and other security forces to persecute the Falun Gong in the southern Guangdong province. Zhang has been civilly in Australia.
Lawsuit filed against Zhang Dejiang[http://flgjustice.org/index.php?option=content&task=view&id=612&Itemid=368]
Wang Taihua is Anhui Province CCP Secretary. Wang supervised the Anhui Provincial Female Labor Camp, where he administratively detained Falun Gong adherents, had them tortured and subjected to a program of forced transformation. He has been civilly in the United States.
Lawsuit filed against Wang Taihua[http://flgjustice.org/index.php?option=content&task=view&id=336&Itemid=260]
Bo Xilai served from 2001 to 2004 as governor of Liaoning, one of four northeastern provinces where the persecution is particularly severe. He now serves as the Minister of Commerce. As governor, Bo exercised complete supervisory authority over all administrative policies and practices for Liaoning, including prison management and law enforcement. Bo formulated a policy of arbitrarily arresting, detaining, sentencing, torturing, and extra-judicially killing Falun Gong adherents.
In particular, Bo supervised the Masanjia Forced Labor Camp, one of the nation’s primary facilities used to torture and kill the Falun Gong. Bo has been sued civilly and criminally in the United States, the United Kingdom, Poland, Russia, Chile, Peru, Spain, and South Korea.
Infocenter summary: Bo Xilai’s crimes in persecuting Falun Gong[/displayAnArticle.asp?ID=8535]
The Epoch Times: From labor camps to APEC[http://en.epochtimes.com/news/7-9-4/59401.html]
2007 Lawsuit filed against Bo Xilai in Canada[http://flgjustice.org/index.php?option=content&task=view&id=741&Itemid=404]
Huang Huahua is Governor of Guangdong Province and also serves as Deputy Secretary of the Central Committee of the CCP. As the highest-ranking government official in Guangdong, Huang has executive authority over police and security forces operating in the province as well as the power to formulate provincial policies and to supervise, direct, and lead the Guangdong’s executive branch.
Huang planned, ordered, and authorized police and other security forces to persecute the Falun Gong in Guangdong, especially in the Shanshui Women’s Forced Labor Camp. Because of Huang, Guangdong’s Falun Gong adherents have suffered arbitrary detention, forced labor, torture, and even extra-judicial killing. Huang has been criminally and civilly in the United States and Canada, respectively.
Details of lawsuits filed against Huang in the U.S.http://flgjustice.org/index.php?option=content&task=view&id=611&Itemid=366] and Canada[http://flgjustice.org/index.php?option=content&task=view&id=596&Itemid=355]
Xia Deren is Deputy Governor of Liaoning Province and former Mayor of Dalian. As deputy governor, Xia’s special area of authority is the management and supervision of the News and Publications Bureau and all operations related to the control of the state-run media, governmental communications, and distribution of government publications and notices in Liaoning, one of four provinces where the persecution of Falun Gong is most severe. In this capacity, Xia has promoted and justified the campaign against Falun Gong.
Xia has been civilly or criminally in the United States and Germany.
High-level Chinese officials found guilty of crimes against humanity[/displayAnArticle.asp?ID=7502]
Details of the 2002 lawsuit filed against Xia Deren[http://flgjustice.org/index.php?option=content&task=view&id=81&Itemid=108]
Wu Guanzheng is former Deputy Governor of Shandong Province, one of four northeastern provinces where the persecution is particularly severe. He has been in Cyprus and Canada.
2007 lawsuit filed against Wu Guanzheng[http://flgjustice.org/index.php?option=content&task=view&id=738&Itemid=400]
Liu Qi is President of the Beijing Organizing Committee for the Olympic Games. He is also the former Mayor of Beijing and current Secretary of the CCP in Beijing. He has been sued civilly and criminally for overseeing torture in Beijing with lawsuits in the United States and Germany, respectively.
Center for Justice and Accountability on Liu Qi lawsuit[http://www.cja.org/cases/liuqi.shtml]
High-level Chinese officials found guilty of crimes against humanity[/displayAnArticle.asp?ID=7502]
Documents from the lawsuit filed against Liu Qi [http://flgjustice.org/index.php?option=com_docman&Itemid=1&task=view_category&catid=107]
Jia Qinglin is Major of Beijing and former Secretary of the CCP in Beijing. As the top official there from 1999-2002, Jia gave speeches urging the further persecution of Falun Gong and praised those who carried out the campaign with notable enthusiasm. He has been sued in Austria and Spain.
The Epoch Times: Chinese justice in a Spanish court?[http://en.epochtimes.com/news/7-8-6/58419.html]
Ongoing genocide lawsuit filed against Jia Qinglin in Spain[http://flgjustice.org/index.php?option=content&task=view&id=473&Itemid=302]
China Central Television (CCTV) is the sole national broadcasting entity in China established by the P.R.C. Since July 1999, its programs have been specifically developed to incite hatred against the Falun Gong, to ignore, deny, and cover up the torture and killing of adherents in China, as well as to stigmatize and discredit overseas critics of the persecution of the Falun Gong. The CCTV’s influence is also felt in overseas Chinese communities, where its channels remain most popular.
CCTV programs have served to provide justification for officials at police stations, labor camps, and re-education centers to commit acts of torture and other abuses against the Falun Gong. Its programs are also used as an integral element of the “re-education” (brainwashing) programs imposed on adherents. CCTV has been sued civilly in the United States.
China state-run television sued for programming that instigates torture, brainwashing[/displayAnArticle.asp?ID=9337]
More on the Chinese Communist regime’s propaganda (link to propaganda page)
A staged tragedy: Was the self-immolation a setup?[http://faluninfo.net/tiananmen/immolation.asp]
Zhao Zhizhen is Executive Director of the Wuhan Broadcasting and Television Bureau, a state-run media agency. Zhao had authority to set editorial and programming policy and directives, to produce, select, and control the content of media programs, and appoint, remove, discipline, and supervise management personnel at the bureau.
Through an ongoing and extensively applied practice of demonizing the Falun Gong in broadcast media, Zhao has stigmatized a segment of China’s population amounting to tens of millions as traitors, criminals, liars, mentally ill, and enemies of the state. Zhao incited hatred against them, and the materials produced under his supervision have been used to instigated security officials to arbitrarily detain, torture, or kill Falun Gong adherents who do not renounce their beliefs.
Zhao has been sued civilly in the United States.
Former Chinese TV station director sued for genocide in Connecticut court[/displayAnArticle.asp?ID=9337]
Details of Lawsuit filed against Zhao Zhizhen[http://flgjustice.org/index.php?option=content&task=view&id=411&Itemid=289]
Wang Yusheng is the Vice chair of the P.R.C’s Anti-Cult Association who has repeatedly tried to portray the campaign against Falun Gong as part of a global struggle against dangerous cults. His methods of “transforming” the Falun Gong have been systematically applied in labor camps and detention centers (link to page on psychological torture). He is a particularly strong advocate of using sleep deprivation. He has been in Switzerland.
Report on Wang Yusheng and the lawsuit filed against him in Switzerland[http://clearharmony.net/articles/200405/19399.html]
The entire list alphabetically:
Bo Xilai
Chen Zhili
China Central Television
Dong Zongfang
Gao Kuixian
Guo Chuanjie
Huang Huahua
Huang Ju
Jia Chunwang
Jia Qinglin
Jiang Zemin
Li Changchun
Li Lanqing
Li Yuanwei
Lin Yanzhi
Liu Jing
Liu Qi
Luo Gan
Su Rong
Sun Jiazheng
Wang Maolin
Wang Taihua
Wang Xudong
Wang Yushen
Wu Guangzheng
Xia Deren
Xu Guangchun
Xu Yongyue
Zeng Qinghong
Zhang Dejiang
Zhang Xiaoguang
Zhao Zhifei
Zhao Zhizhen
Zhou Yongkang
